What Happens to the Human Body at Titanic Depths?

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 It's a sight right out of a horror film: a submarine carrying five people implodes deep beneath the ocean's surface, near the wreckage of the historic Titanic.

What Happens to the Human Body at Titanic Depths
What Happens to the Human Body at Titanic Depths


Many journalists are wondering if there will be an attempt to recover the corpses.


But what happens to the human body at such incomprehensible depths? The solution can be found in the strange, high-pressure, high-temperature realm of deep-sea physics. Join me on a millisecond-by-millisecond trip through time to discover this dark, strange planet.

Titanic has turned into a story that continues to captivate the world.
Titanic has turned into a story that continues to captivate the world.


The Science of Pressure

Let's take a brief crash course on pressure before we dive in. Pressure is defined as the force applied to an area. That would be air pressure in our usual surroundings. However, when you drop into water, the pressure rises owing to the weight of the water above. Every 10 metres (33 feet) you descend, the pressure rises by one atmosphere (atm), or about 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi).

The Titanic wreckage is located at a depth of approximately 3,800 metres (12,500 feet). The pressure at that depth is an astounding 380 atmospheres, or nearly 5,600 psi. That's like a giant elephant standing on every inch of your body.


Milliseconds of Panic

Assume the underwater wall broke unexpectedly and catastrophically in our nightmare scenario. What would happen to the people inside?


The initial ten milliseconds

There is an immediate equalisation of pressure when the hull breaks. The air within the submersible, which had previously been at a pleasant 1 atmosphere, now had to battle with the 380 atmospheres outside.

The end outcome is explosive. Literally.

Pascals are pressure units. The pressure on all sides of the air bubble holding these five guys is 38,503,500 pascals at this depth. This is equivalent to the pressure produced by 292 kilogrammes of C4 explosive.

But this is only the beginning of our journey into the abyss of pain. Due to adiabatic compression, the submersible's exploding bubble creates a lot of heat.

11-50 ms: Fiery Inferno Beneath the Waves

Adiabatic compression is a fast, heat-generating compression process that happens in high-pressure gases.

As the submersible collapses, the rapidly compressed pockets of gas within it heat up quickly, reaching temperatures of several thousand degrees Celsius for a brief instant.

The intense heat would vaporise skin and bone, but this pales in contrast to the rapid pressure fluctuations that are already inflicting havoc on the organism. By the time the heat wave arrives, the passengers would have died from significant physiological harm.


The Speed of Pain: 50 Ms to 1 Second

The passage of information from our peripheral nervous system to our brain is essential for a human's response to pain. We experience pain after the impulses reach the brain. This is not a quick procedure; it takes time.

Under typical circumstances, a pain feeling, such as a stubbed toe or a pinch, enters our brains roughly 0.1 second after the occurrence. This is due to the fact that messages travel at around 2 metres per second along our nerves.


Sharp, abrupt pain, on the other hand, can be sensed significantly faster, at roughly 0.01 seconds, due to the participation of faster-conducting neurons known as A-delta fibres.

In comparison to the catastrophic implosion event we've been describing, the submersible's total collapse occurs in around 50 milliseconds (0.05 seconds). 

This indicates that the implosion occurs 2 to 10 times quicker than the human body's ability to sense pain.

Given this, it's likely that the submersible's passengers would not have had time to realise what had happened, let alone feel agony from the incident itself.

The sequence of events - crushing pressure, scorching heat from air compression, and severe water infiltration — would most certainly occur faster than the brain's ability to comprehend any thoughts.

That may seem a cold, insignificant comfort, but it is a fact that might help us cope with the deaths of these five people. Our brains, which evolved to react to the environment on the surface, just do not have the time to understand the immediate and drastic changes occurring beneath the waves in that crucial 50 milliseconds.


Knowledge comes through tragedy

While alarming, the unexpected collapse of a submersible gives an insight into the harsh reality of deep-sea exploration and the physics at work in these extreme settings.

The lessons learnt from these sad accidents are integrated into the construction of future submersibles and the development of rules for manned submersibles, making each new excursion into the deep a little bit safer.

We learn information through tragedy, knowledge that helps us better comprehend our reality and how to manage its risks.

It's a terrible lesson, a monument to the limits of what the human body can — and cannot — withstand. But it also demonstrates nature's great force, the fragility of life, and the bravery of those who dare to push the frontiers of human discovery.
And with each dip, with each foray into the unknown, we're reminded of how much more there is to learn.

Finally, the desire to comprehend our planet — from the deepest waters to the distant stars — is a monument to human curiosity and tenacity. It's a voyage fraught with danger, difficulty, and, at times, heartbreak. However, it is via this journey that we learn, grow, and push the limits of what is possible.



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